From 4cf4e9f0058d00f23dc1d3961d7ff053934a4b51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Thompson <dthompson2@worcester.edu>
Date: Fri, 6 Jan 2023 08:08:31 -0500
Subject: First draft of a new attempt at inference.

---
 infer2.scm | 402 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 402 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 infer2.scm

(limited to 'infer2.scm')

diff --git a/infer2.scm b/infer2.scm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2ff375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infer2.scm
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+(use-modules (ice-9 format)
+             (ice-9 match)
+             (srfi srfi-1)
+             (srfi srfi-9)
+             (srfi srfi-9 gnu))
+
+(define-syntax-rule (define-matcher (name rules ...) body ...)
+  (define name
+    (match-lambda*
+      ((rules ...) body ...)
+      (_ 'unmatched))))
+
+(define-syntax-rule (compose-matchers matcher ...)
+  (lambda args
+    (let loop ((matchers (list matcher ...)))
+      (match matchers
+        (() (error "unmatched" args))
+        ((m . rest)
+         (let ((result (apply m args)))
+           (if (eq? result 'unmatched)
+               (loop rest)
+               result)))))))
+
+
+;;;
+;;; Typed expression annotation
+;;;
+
+(define-record-type <primitive-type>
+  (make-primitive-type name)
+  primitive-type?
+  (name primitive-type-name))
+
+(define (display-primitive-type type port)
+  (format port "#<primitive ~a>" (primitive-type-name type)))
+(set-record-type-printer! <primitive-type> display-primitive-type)
+
+(define int-type (make-primitive-type 'int))
+(define float-type (make-primitive-type 'float))
+(define bool-type (make-primitive-type 'bool))
+
+(define-record-type <type-variable>
+  (make-type-variable name)
+  type-variable?
+  (name type-variable-name))
+
+(define (display-type-variable type port)
+  (format port "#<tvar ~a>" (type-variable-name type)))
+(set-record-type-printer! <type-variable> display-type-variable)
+
+(define unique-counter (make-parameter 0))
+
+(define (unique-number)
+  (let ((n (unique-counter)))
+    (unique-counter (+ n 1))
+    n))
+
+(define* (unique-identifier #:optional (prefix 'T))
+  (string->symbol
+   (format #f "~a~a" prefix (unique-number))))
+
+(define (fresh-type-variable)
+  (make-type-variable (unique-identifier)))
+
+(define-record-type <procedure-type>
+  (make-procedure-type arg-types return-type)
+  procedure-type?
+  (arg-types procedure-type-arg-types)
+  (return-type procedure-type-return-type))
+
+(define (display-procedure-type type port)
+  (format port "#<proc-type ~a → ~a>"
+          (procedure-type-arg-types type)
+          (procedure-type-return-type type)))
+(set-record-type-printer! <procedure-type> display-procedure-type)
+
+(define (type? obj)
+  (or (primitive-type? obj)
+      (type-variable? obj)
+      (procedure-type? obj)))
+
+(define (top-level-env)
+  '())
+
+(define (lookup var env)
+  (or (assq-ref env var)
+      (error "unbound variable" var)))
+
+(define (make-texp type exp)
+  `(t ,type ,exp))
+
+(define (texp? obj)
+  (match obj
+    (('t _ _) #t)
+    (_ #f)))
+
+(define (texp-type texp)
+  (match texp
+    (('t type _) type)))
+
+(define (texp-exp texp)
+  (match texp
+    (('t _ exp) exp)))
+
+(define (display-typed-expression texp port)
+  (format port "#<texp ~a ~a>" (texp-type texp) (texp-exp texp)))
+(set-record-type-printer! <typed-expression> display-typed-expression)
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:bool (? boolean? b) env)
+  (make-texp bool-type b))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:int (and (? number?) (? exact-integer? n)) env)
+  (make-texp int-type n))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:float (and (? number?) (? inexact? n)) env)
+  (make-texp float-type n))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:var (? symbol? var) env)
+  (make-texp (lookup var env) var))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:if ('if predicate consequent alternate) env)
+  (make-texp (fresh-type-variable)
+             `(if ,(annotate-exp predicate env)
+                  ,(annotate-exp consequent env)
+                  ,(annotate-exp alternate env))))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:lambda ('lambda ((? symbol? args) ...) body) env)
+  (define arg-types (map (lambda (_name) (fresh-type-variable)) args))
+  (define env* (append (map cons args arg-types) env))
+  (define return-type (fresh-type-variable))
+  (make-texp (make-procedure-type arg-types return-type)
+             `(lambda ,args ,(annotate-exp body env*))))
+
+(define-matcher (annotate:call (operator args ...) env)
+  (make-texp (fresh-type-variable)
+             (cons (annotate-exp operator env)
+                   (map (lambda (arg) (annotate-exp arg env)) args))))
+
+(define annotate-exp
+  (compose-matchers annotate:bool
+                    annotate:int
+                    annotate:float
+                    annotate:var
+                    annotate:if
+                    annotate:lambda
+                    annotate:call))
+
+(define (annotate-exp* exp)
+  (parameterize ((unique-counter 0))
+    (annotate-exp exp (top-level-env))))
+
+
+;;;
+;;; Constraints
+;;;
+
+(define-record-type <constraint>
+  (constrain lhs rhs)
+  constraint?
+  (lhs constraint-lhs)
+  (rhs constraint-rhs))
+
+(define (display-constraint constraint port)
+  (format port "#<constraint ~a = ~a>"
+          (constraint-lhs constraint)
+          (constraint-rhs constraint)))
+(set-record-type-printer! <constraint> display-constraint)
+
+(define-matcher (constrain:other (? type? _) _) '())
+
+(define-matcher (constrain:if (? type? type)
+                              ('if (? texp? predicate)
+                                   (? texp? consequent)
+                                   (? texp? alternate)))
+  (append (list (constrain bool-type (texp-type predicate))
+                (constrain type (texp-type consequent))
+                (constrain type (texp-type alternate)))
+          (program-constraints predicate)
+          (program-constraints consequent)
+          (program-constraints alternate)))
+
+(define-matcher (constrain:lambda (? procedure-type? type)
+                                  ('lambda ((? symbol? args) ...)
+                                    (? texp? body)))
+  (cons (constrain (procedure-type-return-type type)
+                   (texp-type body))
+        (program-constraints body)))
+
+(define-matcher (constrain:call (? type? type)
+                                ((? texp? operator) (? texp? operands) ...))
+  (cons (constrain (texp-type operator)
+                   (make-procedure-type (map texp-type operands)
+                                        type))
+        (append (program-constraints operator)
+                (append-map program-constraints operands))))
+
+(define %program-constraints
+  (compose-matchers constrain:if
+                    constrain:lambda
+                    constrain:call
+                    constrain:other))
+
+(define (program-constraints texp)
+  (%program-constraints (texp-type texp) (texp-exp texp)))
+
+
+;;;
+;;; Unification
+;;;
+
+(define-matcher (occurs:default _ _)
+  #f)
+
+(define-matcher (occurs:variable (? type-variable? a) (? type-variable? b))
+  (eq? a b))
+
+(define-matcher (occurs:procedure (? type-variable? v) (? procedure-type? p))
+  (or (any (lambda (arg-type)
+             (occurs-in? v arg-type))
+           (procedure-type-arg-types p))
+      (occurs-in? v (procedure-type-return-type p))))
+
+(define occurs-in?
+  (compose-matchers occurs:variable
+                    occurs:procedure
+                    occurs:default))
+
+(define (substitute-term term dict)
+  (match dict
+    (() term)
+    (((from . to) . rest)
+     (if (eq? term from)
+         to
+         (substitute-term term rest)))))
+
+(define (substitute-dict var term dict)
+  (map (match-lambda
+         ((a . b)
+          (cons (if (eq? a var) term a)
+                (if (eq? b var) term b))))
+       dict))
+
+(define (substitute var term dict)
+  (let ((term* (substitute-term term dict)))
+    (and (not (occurs-in? var term*))
+         (alist-cons var term* (substitute-dict var term* dict)))))
+
+(define (maybe-substitute var-first terms)
+  (lambda (dict succeed fail)
+    (match var-first
+      ((var . rest-vars)
+       (match terms
+         ((term . rest-terms)
+          (cond
+           ;; Tautology: matching 2 vars that are the same.
+           ((and (type-variable? term) (eq? var term))
+            (succeed dict fail rest-vars rest-terms))
+           ;; Variable has been bound to some other value, recursively
+           ;; follow it and unify.
+           ((assq-ref dict var) =>
+            (lambda (type)
+              ((unify:dispatch (cons type rest-vars) terms)
+               dict succeed fail)))
+           ;; Substitute variable for value.
+           (else
+            (let ((dict* (substitute var term dict)))
+              (if dict*
+                  (succeed dict* fail rest-vars rest-terms)
+                  (fail)))))))))))
+
+(define (constant? obj)
+  (and (not (type-variable? obj))
+       (not (procedure-type? obj))
+       (not (list? obj))))
+
+(define-matcher (unify:fail a b)
+  (define (fail-unifier dict succeed fail)
+    (fail))
+  fail-unifier)
+
+(define-matcher (unify:constants ((? constant? a) . rest-a) ((? constant? b) . rest-b))
+  (define (constant-unifier dict succeed fail)
+    (if (eqv? a b)
+        (begin
+          (succeed dict fail rest-a rest-b))
+        (fail)))
+  constant-unifier)
+
+(define-matcher (unify:lists (a . rest-a) (b . rest-b))
+  (define (list-unifier dict succeed fail)
+    ((unify:dispatch a b)
+     dict
+     (lambda (dict* fail* _null-a _null-b)
+       (succeed dict* fail* rest-a rest-b))
+     fail))
+  list-unifier)
+
+(define-matcher (unify:variable-left (and ((? type-variable? _) . _) a) b)
+  (maybe-substitute a b))
+
+(define-matcher (unify:variable-right a (and ((? type-variable? _) . _) b))
+  (maybe-substitute b a))
+
+(define-matcher (unify:procedures ((? procedure-type? a) . rest-a)
+                                  ((? procedure-type? b) . rest-b))
+  (define (procedure-unifier dict succeed fail)
+    ((unify:dispatch (cons (procedure-type-return-type a)
+                           (procedure-type-arg-types a))
+                     (cons (procedure-type-return-type b)
+                           (procedure-type-arg-types b)))
+     dict
+     (lambda (dict* fail* _null-a _null-b)
+       (succeed dict* fail* rest-a rest-b))
+     fail))
+  procedure-unifier)
+
+(define %unify:dispatch
+  (compose-matchers unify:constants
+                    unify:variable-left
+                    unify:variable-right
+                    unify:procedures
+                    unify:lists
+                    unify:fail))
+
+(define (unify:dispatch a b)
+  (define (dispatcher dict succeed fail)
+    (if (and (null? a) (null? b))
+        (succeed dict fail a b)
+        ((%unify:dispatch a b)
+         dict
+         (lambda (dict* fail* rest-a rest-b)
+           ((unify:dispatch rest-a rest-b)
+            dict* succeed fail*))
+         fail)))
+  dispatcher)
+
+(define (%unify a b dict succeed)
+  ((unify:dispatch (list a) (list b))
+   dict
+   (lambda (dict fail rest-a rest-b)
+     (or (and (null? rest-a) (null? rest-b) (succeed dict))
+         (fail)))
+   (lambda ()
+     #f)))
+
+(define (unify a b)
+  (%unify a b '() identity))
+
+(define (unify-constraints constraints)
+  (unify (map constraint-lhs constraints)
+         (map constraint-rhs constraints)))
+
+
+;;;
+;;; Type Resolution
+;;;
+
+(define (primitive? x)
+  (or (number? x)
+      (boolean? x)
+      (symbol? x)))
+
+(define-matcher (resolve:primitive (? primitive? x) dict)
+  x)
+
+(define-matcher (resolve:primitive-type (? primitive-type? type) dict)
+  type)
+
+(define-matcher (resolve:type-variable (? type-variable? var) dict)
+  (let ((type (assq-ref dict var)))
+    (if (or (not type) (type-variable? type))
+        (error "cannot determine type" var)
+        type)))
+
+(define-matcher (resolve:procedure-type (? procedure-type? type) dict)
+  (make-procedure-type (resolve-types (procedure-type-arg-types type) dict)
+                       (resolve-types (procedure-type-return-type type) dict)))
+
+(define-matcher (resolve:list (exps ...) dict)
+  (map (lambda (texp) (resolve-types texp dict)) exps))
+
+(define resolve-types
+  (compose-matchers resolve:primitive
+                    resolve:primitive-type
+                    resolve:type-variable
+                    resolve:procedure-type
+                    resolve:list))
+
+(define (infer-types exp)
+  (let* ((texp (annotate-exp* exp))
+         (constraints (program-constraints texp))
+         (substitutions (unify-constraints constraints)))
+    (unless substitutions
+      (error "type mismatch" texp))
+    (resolve-types texp substitutions)))
+
+(infer-types #t)
+(infer-types 6)
+(infer-types 6.5)
+(infer-types '(if #t 1 2))
+(infer-types '((lambda (x) x) 1))
+(infer-types '((lambda (f) (if (f #t) (f 1) (f 2))) (lambda (x) x)))
-- 
cgit v1.2.3